Pope Leo XIV: The First American Pope – Robert Francis Prevost’s Historic Election

On May 8, 2025, the world witnessed a historic moment in the Catholic Church as white smoke billowed from the Sistine Chapel, signaling the election of the 267th pope. Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, a 69-year-old Chicago native, emerged as Pope Leo XIV, marking the first time an American has ascended to the papacy. This monumental event, announced with the traditional “Habemus Papam” by Cardinal Protodeacon Dominique Mamberti, has captivated Catholics and non-Catholics alike. In this blog, we explore Pope Leo XIV’s background, his journey to the papacy, his views, and what his election means for the future of the Catholic Church.

Who is Robert Francis Prevost?

Born on September 14, 1955, in Chicago, Illinois, Robert Francis Prevost grew up in a city known for its vibrant Catholic community. Of French, Italian, and Spanish descent, Prevost’s multicultural heritage reflects the global nature of the Church he now leads. He is a dual citizen of the United States and Peru, having spent significant portions of his life ministering in the South American nation.

Prevost’s academic journey began at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics. He later pursued theological studies at the Catholic Theological Union in Chicago and studied canon law at the Pontifical Saint Thomas Aquinas University in Rome, earning a doctorate. Ordained as a priest in 1982, Prevost joined the Augustinian Order, a religious community founded on the teachings of St. Augustine, known for its emphasis on community, equality, and missionary work.

His career took him to Peru in 1985, where he served as a missionary in Trujillo for a decade. He later became bishop of Chiclayo, Peru, from 2014 to 2023, and was granted Peruvian citizenship in 2015. In 2023, Pope Francis appointed him Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops, a powerful Vatican role overseeing the selection of bishops worldwide. This position elevated Prevost’s profile, positioning him as a key figure in the Church and a “dark horse” candidate for the papacy.

The Historic Conclave of 2025

Following the death of Pope Francis on April 21, 2025, at age 88, the College of Cardinals convened in Vatican City for the papal conclave. The 133 cardinal electors, the largest and most diverse group in history, deliberated for roughly 24 hours over two days. On May 8, 2025, after five ballots, Prevost secured the necessary two-thirds majority, a process that mirrored the election of Pope Francis in 2013.

The announcement of Pope Leo XIV was met with cheers from thousands gathered in St. Peter’s Square. Prevost appeared on the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, delivering his first “Urbi et Orbi” blessing. Speaking in Italian, Spanish, and Latin, he invoked a message of peace, saying, “Peace be with all of you!” He also paid homage to his years in Peru, thanking the diocese of Chiclayo, and called for a “missionary church that builds bridges and dialogue.”

Why Pope Leo XIV?

Prevost’s election as Pope Leo XIV breaks a 2,000-year tradition of non-American popes. Historically, the idea of an American pope was considered unlikely due to the United States’ geopolitical influence and secular culture. However, Prevost’s extensive experience in Peru, his Peruvian citizenship, and his alignment with Pope Francis’s reforms made him a compelling candidate.

His choice of the name “Leo XIV” is significant. The name “Leo” (Latin for “lion”) evokes strength and leadership. Previous popes named Leo, such as Leo XIII (1878–1903), were known for addressing social issues, with Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum laying the foundation for modern Catholic social teaching. By choosing this name, Prevost signals an intent to continue Francis’s focus on social justice while possibly navigating the Church through contemporary challenges.

Pope Leo XIV’s Views and Ideology

Pope Leo XIV is widely regarded as a moderate, with views that align closely with those of Pope Francis. His tenure in Peru and his work in the Vatican suggest a commitment to inclusivity, social justice, and pastoral care. Here’s a closer look at his stances on key issues:

Social Justice and Inclusivity

Prevost has championed marginalized communities, much like Pope Francis. His work in Peru focused on supporting Venezuelan migrants and the poor, reflecting a commitment to the Church’s preferential option for the marginalized. In a 2023 interview with Vatican News, he emphasized the importance of “on-the-ground work” and warned against the temptation to live isolated in ecclesiastical palaces.

LGBTQ+ Issues

Prevost’s views on LGBTQ+ issues are nuanced. While he has expressed sympathy for marginalized groups, he has also voiced conservative stances on certain matters. As bishop of Chiclayo, he opposed teaching gender ideology in schools, stating that it “seeks to create genders that don’t exist.” He has also referred to the “homosexual lifestyle” and “alternative families” in ways that suggest a traditional view of family structures. However, many observers believe he will continue Francis’s welcoming tone toward LGBTQ+ Catholics, though he is unlikely to push for significant doctrinal changes.

Women in the Church

Prevost played a key role in one of Pope Francis’s most progressive reforms: adding three women to the voting bloc that decides bishop nominations in the Dicastery for Bishops. This move suggests openness to expanding women’s roles in Church governance, though he has expressed conservative views on ordaining women as deacons, aligning with Francis’s position.

Political and Social Commentary

Prevost has been vocal on political issues, particularly regarding U.S. politics. He has publicly criticized former President Donald Trump’s immigration policies and expressed sympathy for George Floyd and immigrants. These stances have drawn ire from some conservative commentators, who have labeled him a “woke Marxist pope.” However, Prevost’s critiques appear rooted in Catholic social teaching rather than partisan ideology. There is no evidence to suggest he is a registered member of any political party, contrary to claims by some commentators like Charlie Kirk.

Clerical Abuse

Prevost’s handling of clerical abuse cases has been a point of contention. Advocates have praised his efforts to support one abuse victim in Peru but raised concerns about his management of allegations against two priests. As pope, he will face pressure to address the Church’s ongoing abuse crisis with transparency and integrity.

The Augustinian Influence

As the first Augustinian pope, Prevost brings the spirituality of St. Augustine to the papacy. The Augustinian Order, founded in the 13th century, emphasizes community, humility, and missionary zeal. Prevost’s formation in this order, which he joined in 1977, has shaped his approach to ministry. His election underscores the order’s global reach, with approximately 2,500 priests and brothers operating in 50 countries.

What Does the Pope Do?

As the Bishop of Rome and leader of the world’s 1.4 billion Catholics, Pope Leo XIV holds a multifaceted role:

Spiritual Leader: The pope is the Church’s chief pastor, responsible for guiding its spiritual mission through teachings, encyclicals, and homilies.

Administrative Head: He oversees the Vatican’s governance, including the appointment of bishops and the management of Church institutions.

Global Diplomat: The pope represents the Holy See in international affairs, advocating for peace, human rights, and environmental stewardship.

Unifier: He seeks to bridge divisions within the Church, balancing progressive and conservative factions.

Prevost’s experience as a missionary, bishop, and Vatican official equips him to navigate these responsibilities, though his American background may shape perceptions of his leadership.

The Significance of an American Pope

The election of an American pope is a landmark event with far-reaching implications:

Global Perception: Prevost’s dual U.S.-Peruvian citizenship and missionary background may mitigate concerns about American geopolitical dominance, presenting him as a global figure.

U.S. Catholicism: With over 70 million Catholics in the United States, Prevost’s papacy could energize American Catholics and elevate the Church’s influence in a country where it competes with secularism and evangelicalism.

Cultural Bridge: His familiarity with both American and Latin American contexts positions him to address issues like immigration, racial justice, and economic inequality from a unique perspective.

However, his American identity has sparked polarized reactions. While President Trump congratulated Prevost on Truth Social, conservative pundits have criticized his progressive leanings, highlighting the challenges of leading a diverse global Church from a U.S. perspective.

Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

As Pope Leo XIV, Prevost faces a complex landscape:

Continuing Francis’s Legacy: He must decide whether to advance Francis’s reforms, such as synodality and environmental advocacy, or take a more conservative approach to appease traditionalists.

Navigating U.S. Politics: His criticisms of Trump and figures like JD Vance may complicate his relationship with American conservatives, requiring diplomatic finesse.

Addressing Global Issues: From climate change to migration and interfaith dialogue, Prevost will need to articulate a vision that resonates with a diverse faithful.

Healing Divisions: The Church is polarized between progressive and conservative factions, and Prevost’s moderate stance will be tested as he seeks unity.

Fun Facts About Pope Leo XIV

Chicago Roots: Prevost’s brother, John Prevost, shared that a neighbor predicted Robert would become the first American pope when he was in first grade.

Villanova Connection: As a Villanova alumnus, Prevost is the first pope with ties to this Catholic university, known for its Augustinian heritage and basketball prowess.

Languages: He is fluent in English, Spanish, Italian, and Latin, reflecting his global ministry.

Baseball Fan?: While no definitive evidence confirms Prevost’s allegiance, his Chicago roots have sparked speculation about whether he cheers for the Cubs or White Sox (sorry, no mention of the 2005 World Series!).

Conclusion: A New Era for the Catholic Church

Pope Leo XIV’s election as the first American pope is a historic milestone that blends tradition with transformation. Robert Francis Prevost’s journey from a Chicago seminary to the Vatican balcony reflects a life dedicated to service, community, and faith. As he steps into the papacy, his moderate outlook, missionary zeal, and global perspective will shape the Catholic Church’s response to 21st-century challenges.

Whether addressing social justice, navigating political divides, or fostering dialogue, Pope Leo XIV has the opportunity to leave an indelible mark on the Church and the world. As he said in his first speech, “We have to seek together to be a missionary church.” The world will be watching as this Chicago-born, Peruvian-hearted pontiff leads the faithful into a new era.